Employee Relations Essay Example for Free

Employee Relations Essay Employee relations are one of human resources aspect which is mainly concerned with maintaining a cohesive relationship between the employer and the employee in workplace so as to have high morale and motivation amongst employees for satisfactory productivity in workplace. Discussions between the employer and the employee usually concentrate on issues of payment, work environment, disputes, grievances, health and safety, hours of work and production targets. Human nature can be simple, yet very complex thus an understanding and appreciation of this is an important factor for effective employee relations in workplace. For this to be achieved there has to be well defined rules and regulations pertaining as to how employees are to perform their duties, address personal issues, bargaining procedures, handle and resolve conflicts etc. each country has its own laws pertaining employment but there are also international laws that stipulates how legal rights and restrictions on working force and their organizations. The main objective of employee relations is to protect the interests, rights and privileges of the employees. This provides information relating to policies and procedures of performing duties and facilitates the resolution of problems and complains through investigation and mediation. There exist two main levels of communication where employees can air their views. Individual relationship allows employee to relate directly with the employer while collective relationship involves organizations or trade onions and the individual employer. When a dispute arises in any workplace, conciliation, mediation and arbitration are used to resolve disputes depending on the nature of the dispute. Individual disputes usually involves the employee directly with the employer while collective disputes occurs when a common disillusionments among the employees arise and representatives of the employees in form of trade unions are used to air the grievances to the employer. Representatives are legalizes groups who are concerned with employees rights and advocates for fair recognition in workplace. The common situation in most countries is that employment laws have been more effective in resolving individual disputes than collective disputes. This is evident since most of trade unions are finding it difficult to handle disputes in workplace especially in private sector where individual employment rights has expanded and there is change from bargaining based relation system towards more individualized and legalistic rights based system. Cases of strikes in workplaces have declined recently and individuals are pursuing employment grievances in the court. There has been shift to more individualized forms of negotiation at organization level with decline of wider bargaining arrangements has weakened the capacity of trade unions to perform their role as a collective negotiators. Theories and Practices in Workplace Employment laws arose due to the needs of workers of better conditions and rights to organize so that their issues and grievances could be heard and resolved amicably. This led to formation of administrative body to address the legal rights and restrictions between the working people and the organizations. They mediate relationship between employees, employer and the trade unions. There are laws which stipulate relationship between the trade unions and the employer and the relationship between the individuals and the employer. Collective employment laws are a tripartite relationship between the employer, employees and the trade unions for collective bargaining, provision of benefits and industrial action. Individual employment laws deals with people rights at work place. There are two theories relating to employment developed after Second World War namely: Dunlop Theory: it was based on labour relations systems. He realized workers representations as part of factors contributing to economic growth with two key aspects of the society as whole i. e. the interests of employee sand value of social justice. Theory also realized that unions can succeed only if essentially contribute to good management. They have functioned by making deals which are in long term interests of management as well as employees; in part they force management to act in its own interests. The employees’ responses are usually neglected and there is need for organizations to provide more security and more employee services. This would require policies of regulation and protection where employees are able to make more choices about jobs, personal development of skills and interests through sequences of jobs rather than letting single company to mould and shape an individual. Employees’ participation in defining the nature of work and decisions that affects it. This needs rapid responses where companies have found that top-down control is far too slow and inward looking for today circumstances. There is more acceptance of diversity to open up new opportunities and also lower the power of entrenched resistors. This situation will require an effective system of representation to balance differing interests what is needed is a system to deal with decentralized, flexible management to integrate semi- professional and knowledgeable employees to generate full support. Unitary and pluralism theories: For pluralist decision maker views an employee is a permanently external to the enterprise, as part of action situation while unitarist decision maker views an employee as internal to the enterprise, inherent part of the enterprise actor. The pluralist position implies that workers and the enterprise are in a position to make demands on each other to which is obliged to respond as long as these demands are in some kind of balance. The relationship between workers and managers is founded on agreement about this balance and not on any agreement about the inherent rightness or effectiveness of the demands themselves. The unitarist position assumes that every member of the enterprise, workers and the managers is a willing participant in social action such as the enterprise is defined by a common set of aims and values central to which is the goal of achieving the greatest possible success for collective prosperity. An enterprise established on the principles of moral superiority of craft work and on importance of a worker seeing a product through to completion thus unitarist approach implies that the employment relationship as the primary means of organizing enterprise involves the agreement that in the context of the enterprise, certain rights duties. For industrial approach, unitarism seems to offer two advantages. First is the prospect of an absolute maximization of effectiveness and second is the relationship which exists within the enterprise are of normative substance. Workers and managers are able to look upon each other as fellows rather than opponents forced into an uneasy and purely alliance. In managerial unitarism, the employment relationship is not just legitimate but authoritative, employee accepts that the direction of a manager embody the most effective possible means of realising the aims and values of the enterprise as a whole and since manager subscribes to this basic normative consensus, then compliance with those directions is not just a legal but a moral duty. Thus managerial right to worker compliance arise from normative consensus professional and competence of the manager. From pluralism, manager can be competent but consensus does not exist thus there is no automatic managerial right to worker compliance. The key to resolving the difference between unitarism and pluralism in employment relations is dialogue i. e. a discussive process by which a group of people attempts to reach consensus on both objective and normative aspects of the action situation. Well conducted dialogue will result in agreement on the aims, values and goals of the organization, division of labour which will best contribute the realization of goals. Pluralist collective bargaining is purely procedural and hence non-dialogical. Managerial unitarism is also non dialogical because agreement to managerial strategies, plans and instructions of the enterprise is assumed rather than secured. Management is conceived as a technical matter. Thus an alternative dialogical and non- dialogical employment relations systems needs to be developed. Trade unions which are committed and enthusiastic about issues of the employees without curtailing the managerial rights to decide what they see as necessary reform in employer- employee’s relations. The workplace setup is based on adequate understanding of employer- employee relationship. This requires the knowledge of relevant conditions on the intra-group level and also on the inter-group conditions that might tempt each group to take a certain type social orientation. The consequences of different combinations of justice and injustice for the individual are specified for the intensity of conflict between two parties. Individual disputes usually involves am employee and the employer regarding a personal issues which is be discussed between them while collective disputes affect the general interests of group of workers and deals with enforcement or interpretation of statutory regulation, collective bargaining agreement.

History of the Computer :: essays papers

History of the Computer The history of the computer can be dated back for years and years and there is still much more to learn and know as we advance our knowledge with this technology. Webster's Dictionary defines computer as, â€Å"any programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data† (A brief 2004). The core word compute in computer has been termed for over 2000 years. In the beginning, a wooden rack holding strings by two horizontal bars was the very first calculator recorded. The beads were manually moved around by the user and were only used by the user who knew the rules of programming in order for the wooden calculator to be accurate. It is said that the wooden calculator was able to do all regular arithmetic (Meyers 2001). The many different parts of a computer as we now know it did not just appear in one machine created by one person. Starting in the 1640’s, many people began to work on machines that would mechanize tasks, with results that we still use today (In the beginning 2004). Records exist of earlier machines, but Blaise Pascal invented the first hand powered commercial calculator that can add numbers entered with dials (Meyers 2001). He is credited with building the first digital calculator. Although attempts to multiply mechanically were made by Gottfried Liebnitz in the 1670s the first true multiplying calculator appears in Germany shortly before the American Revolution (A brief 2004). Charles Xavier created the first successful calculator which was able to add, subtract, multiply, and divide (Meyers 2001). In the early 1800’s, Charles Babbage began a life long quest for a programmable machine. (A brief 2004). He invented machines that are called as calculating engines. Engine number one was the first successful automatic calculator that was able to work on its own. This calculator consisted of over 2000 parts (The early 1996). A large problem that Babbage had would be many engineering problems which would not allow his engines to work correctly. He is remembered and is important to computer history because of his idea for the machines. His basic ideas of how the machine would process information is still used to this day (In the beginning 2004). As the late 1800’s came around, a man named Herman Hollerith developed a computing machine that can read into punched cards.

Mahou Factory

Mahou Factory Visit Mahou is a Spanish brewery house founded in the year 1890, in the capital Madrid. The company created a reputation for it self that precedes it even now a days, for its quality of production and the traditionalism of the production. Today the company is among the largest and most powerful brewery in Spain with a dominant market share. The main brewery factory, being the one we visited, is located in the outskirts of Madrid, Alovera Guadalajara to be more specific. The Factory is the biggest in Spain and second biggest in Europe, it is unique in Europe for its complex automatized process and innovative technology.The factory produces up to 4 million liters of beer a DAY. Trough out our visit we could observe the process of production of the beer, most being completely automatized, yet having key workers in key locations were mistakes cannot occur. Even the most efficient machines can make mistakes, the problem is that the problem wont be spotted it since its and au tomatized process therefore you need the scientist and key workers in place to reassure the smoothness of the process. This could be considered a poki oki in Japanese terms or a security measure for the avoidance of problems in the production process.From the beginning we could observe a complex system practically runed by computers, the only un automatized process is the lab and examination of samples. But in order to keep control of quality, it’s a process that need to be done with detail and personal, to keep better control of quality even if the cost for it might be high. This with the large control room constantly observing and controlling the brewing process day and night, 24/7, 365 days a year, make it a supper efficient machine for quality control and cost control.The control room has constant machines and computers controlling the brewing process from start to end including the bottling and packaging, This is then combines with a couple of professionals constantly ex amining and managing the process of production with constant control like sample taking to ensure that the quality and process is going to perfection. With this, we can surely say we are of to a good start. Continuing on with the quality control process we then have again several controls to ensure quality, like exporting the water from the erfect mineralization from Guadalajara, like exporting the main resources needed to ensure that their customer gets the quality expected always. After the brewing process there are several other controls like the bottle revision that ensures that they are clean, then there’s another machine ensuring that they all have the perfect measurements (full) with a laser measurer, after wards a few samples are taken from the produced batch of the day to again lastly ensure that the quality is the desired one.Furthermore we can also observe the cost efficiency process in place. Even though the machinery implemented is expensive in the long term it c uts cost by huge amounts ensuring less mistakes higher quality and happier customers. The control room cuts cost by having many less workers doing the control process over the brewing production process by having it all automatized, not counting how more efficient it is.Then they cut cost by implementing this brewing tanks outside the factory were its easier to obtain the liquid in bigger quantities. But, by a long shot the most efficient cost cutting control is the logistics the factory built right next to the high way to have a quick and easy way to transport and move things. Also they have deals with multiple other breweries to bottle their bear were they do not have a factory in order to make it seemingly less costly and easier to distribute their product.Lastly, I will talk about their green impact on the world, or ecological controls. Now days every company is striving to be a leader as social responsible and environmentally friendly. Every company ahs its motives for this, so me marketing technique, others tax benefits or company reputation etc. What’s very admirable of Mahou’s environmental help to the world is that it not only gives good company reputation, tax, etc, its that it is cost reducing also making it cost efficient.Mahous recycles 90 % or more in some cases, of their bottles and containers, due to a deal established with the distributor and maker of the beer containers. This is extremely efficient and green for the environment counting the huge amount of production and trash they are avoiding creating. With both eh process distinguishing the broken or defect bottles and the un-cleanable they have created a perfect quality, cost and environmental friendly control all in one, keeping to its name and reputation.

Example Of Justifying A Value - 1814 Words

1.) The first example of justifying a value is when getting my car detailed. I am looking at market value, fair value and the utility factor for the services. This service satisfies the need and desire for a clean car to take clients out with, after it was dirtied by a tough winter. I compared prices for similar car detailing services, and asked around for referrals from several people. Of the two companies, one was recommended strongly. I saw examples of each work and agreed with the highly recommended company. In my opinion, the cost at the time was fair value and, compared to other detailers, was market value. The prices were advertised for a year without any price increase. The second example of justifying a value is when purchasing products from Starbucks Coffee. There is a slight influence upon me through the desire of my teenage daughter wanting to visit the coffee shop. With my effective purchasing power, and both our desire of a drink/coffee/treat once and a w hile, we will go to Starbucks. It is true that Starbucks is a Going Concern, and their prices are fair value compared to Timothies and Tim Hortons. I have joined their rewards program, which enables me to occasionally receive free or discounted drinks, as well as free refills. Starbucks, with the loyalty program, is an investment value to me. 2) In the City of Mississauga, lane use control in the area of Clarkson and Lorne Park have stemmed from Mississauga’s master plan. Zoning through the useShow MoreRelatedDoes the End Justify the Means?739 Words   |  3 PagesWrite a response to the question, Does the end justify the means? Give examples of when the ends justifies the means and when it doesnt. Post your response as a reply to this topic. Read others responses and feel free to comment on others threads and have an open discussion. The ends justifying the means is extremely difficult to generalize. The answer is much more complex than a simple yes or no. Quite often, if not most of the time, the end does not justify the means. But sometimes it canRead MoreEthical Leadership in the Master of Science Leadership Program776 Words   |  4 Pagesof two evils every day. These decisions can affect the person making the decision, their employees, and goals of the organization. There are many readings that describe ethics and leadership, but ethical leadership is basically knowing your inner values and having the courage to steadfastly live by them for the purpose of the common good. Southwestern Colleges Master of Science in Leadership program has given me a firm understanding of how important ethical reasoning is and how it impacts, goodRead MoreUsing Material from Item 2b and Elsewhere, Assess the Marxist View That the Main Role of the Family Is to Serve the Interests of Capitalism993 Words   |  4 Pagesthe inter ests of capitalism by maintaining and justifying class inequality and exploitation by the rich. Other groups, however, have different opinions, such as Functionalists who think that the family performs essential needs of society. Marxists and Functionalists opinions are completely contrasted, as Marxists think that we live in a Capitalist society based on unequal conflict between the classes, whilst Functionalists see society as based on â€Å"value consensus†, where everyone agrees. The familyRead MoreWhat Is Terrorism, Is It Wrong, And Could It Ever Be Morally Permissible?1530 Words   |  7 Pagesof terrorism is open, she makes her opinion clear that it is morally repugnant and anybody using this tactic has a heavy burden of justification. Jaggar’s account of terrorism has several advantages. Her account clarifies some distinctions. For example, she stated that terrorism is not a specific type of conflict, but rather a tactic that can be used in various types of conflict and in combination with other strategies. Terrorism may be used in combination with war, low intensity conflict, guerrillaRead MoreThe Ethics Of Eating Meat Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pageshow we process and consume our meats. We have become a selfish society that values our own convenience and affordability of meat rather than the consideration of the animal. This begs the question, is eating meat inherently wrong and should we forbid meat consumption under any and all circumstances? To fully address this issue, we must first define the moral status of animals. So, are animals equal to humans in worth and value and should they receive similar treatment? In our country, the scarcityRead MoreAnalysis Of John Orwell s Paradise Lost 882 Words   |  4 Pages But, in fact many aspects of a text communicate a message. Conventions of epics play a big role in sharing the message. One may not realize it while reading, but if one were to look at the list of these conventions, one would recognize multiple examples of conventions in different texts. While each text may not have the same message, they all utilize epic conventions to help communicate a specific message or lesson. In Paradise Lost, Milton effectively uses the conventions of epics to justify theRead MoreCapital Punishment : Imposition Of A Penalty Of Death By The State Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesbe wrongfully applied. This is rare but it does happen, the falsely incriminated is sentenced and executed. It is important that the government still uses capital punishment in today’s world, however, as insurance for public safety and a way for justifying murder. The process regarding the death penalty has come a long way since ancient times. Some of the most famous execution methods include: sawing, flaying, impalement, crushing, hanging, burning, and stoning (McDaniel 2015). These aren’t evenRead MoreJack Harkness, A Time Traveler847 Words   |  4 PagesJustified action occurs when the benefits of the goal significantly outweighs the moral costs of achievement. Additionally, the benefit must positively affect multiple people. Unlike Machiavelli stance, where personal power is worth any cost, the ends justifying the means is only true in regards to societal preservation. In the homeschool community, many people I knew where highly critical of Abraham Lincoln and his actions. I have had friends call him a monster, the worst president of the United StatesRead MoreAnimal Research : Is It Human Or Inhuman?1100 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal Liberation (Ecco,2002), many experiments using animals are for an insignificant reason. For example , Singer illustrates an example of a dog undergoing varies shock from jumping to floors that each had the shock. Eventually, the dog stopped resisting, and thus researchers stated that the experiment should how to eliminate jumping in dogs. Singer saw this as up scoured and unnecessary. This example can be seen as psychological since it determines the behavior of dogs after an experiment. Now manyRead MoreAlgebra And Algebraic Thinking Sets Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pagesskills, strategies and ways of thinking will also be explored along with strategies for teaching the content effectively. Literature review (up to 800 words) Algebra is a critical aspect of mathematics which provides the means to calculate unknown values. According to Bednarz, Kieran and Lee (as cited in Chick Harris, 2007), there are three basic concepts of simple algebra: the generalisation of patterns, the understanding of numerical laws and functional situations. The understanding of these concepts

Common Psychology Words Based on Greek or Latin Roots

The following words are or have been used in the modern science of psychology: habit, hypnotism, hysteria, extraversion, dyslexia, acrophobic, anorexia, delude, moron, imbecile, schizophrenia, and frustration. They come from either Greek or Latin, but not both, since I have tried to avoid words that combine Greek and Latin, a formation that some refer to as a hybrid classical compound.   Twelve Words With Latin Roots 1. Habit comes from the second conjugation Latin verb habeÃ… , habÄ“re, habuÄ «, habitum to hold, possess, have, handle. 2. Hypnotism comes from the Greek noun á ½â€˜Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š sleep. Hypnos was also the god of sleep. In The Odyssey Book XIV Hera promises Hypnos one of the Graces as a wife in exchange for putting her husband, Zeus, to sleep. People who are hypnotized seem to be in a trance resembling sleep walking. 3. Hysteria comes from the Greek noun á ½â€˜ÃÆ'Ï„Î ­Ã ÃŽ ± womb. The idea from the Hippocratic corpus was that hysteria was caused by the wandering of the womb. Needless to say, hysteria was associated with women. 4. Extraversion comes from the Latin for outside extra- plus a Latin third conjugation verb meaning to turn, vertÃ… , vertere, vertÄ «, versum. Extraversion is defined as the act of directing ones interest outside oneself. It is the opposite of Introversion where interest is focused within. Intro- means inside, in Latin. 5. Dyslexia comes from two Greek words, one for ill or bad, ÃŽ ´Ãâ€¦ÃÆ'- and one for word, ÃŽ »ÃŽ ­ÃŽ ¾ÃŽ ¹Ãâ€š. Dyslexia is a learning disability. 6. Acrophobia is built from two Greek words. The first part is ÃŽ ¬ÃŽ ºÃ ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š, the Greek for top, and the second part is from the Greek φÏÅ'ÃŽ ²ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š, fear. Acrophobia is a fear of heights. 7. Anorexia, as in anorexia nervosa, is used to describe someone who doesnt eat, but can simply refer to someone with a decreased appetite, as the Greek word would indicate. Anorexia comes from the Greek for longing or appetite, ÏÅ'Ï ÃŽ µÃŽ ¾ÃŽ ·. The beginning of the word an- is an alpha privative that simply serves to negate, so instead of longing, there is a lack of longing. Alpha refers to the letter a, not an. The -n- separates the two vowels. Had the word for appetite begun with a consonant, the alpha privative would have been a-. 8. Delude comes from the Latin de- meaning down or away from, plus the verb lÃ… «dÃ… , lÃ… «dere, lÃ… «sÄ «, lÃ… «sum, meaning play or mimic. Delude means to deceive. A delusion is a firmly held false belief. 9. Moron used to be a psychological term for someone who was mentally retarded. It comes from the Greek ÃŽ ¼Ãâ€°Ã ÃÅ'Ï‚ meaning foolish or dull. 10. Imbecile comes from the Latin imbecillus, meaning weak and referring to physical weakness. In psychological terms, imbecile refers to someone who is mentally weak or retarded. 11. Schizophrenia comes from two Greek words. The first part of the English term comes from the Greek verb ÏÆ'χÎ ¯ÃŽ ¶ÃŽ µÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ½, to split, and the second from φÏ ÃŽ ®ÃŽ ½, mind. It, therefore, means splitting of the mind  but is a complicated mental disorder that is not the same as a split personality. Personality comes from the Latin word for mask, persona, indicating the character behind the dramatic mask: in other words, person. 12. Frustration is the final word on this list. It comes from a Latin adverb meaning in vain: frustra. It refers to the emotion one may have when thwarted.

The Case Of Nike Review Analysis - 1334 Words

Case of Nike: Review Analysis 3 Over the decades, globalization, where economic integration across border allow businesses to expand beyond their domestic boundaries. (Malamud, V. Rotenberg, Y. (2010)); has become a phenomenon that is seen across the globe. Businesses large and both small are able to compete, produce, and sell their products without limits to either demographic or geographic factors. This allows company s to enlarge their base, their workforce, their consumers, and therefore their profits. Of course, as we learned, globalization isn t without it s risk that can be apparent in today s world. As globalization does have negative impacts in disregarding needs for developing individuals in those countries, and it may†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, as we further learned, globalization also has it s risks and occasional threats that can come in conflict with outsourcing for businesses and the like. Nike, Inc., for instance, came under scrutiny and serious allegations including Human Rights: in several of those countries such as Indonesia, because of poor conditions of workplaces, poor wages, forced overtime work, and even child labor in come instances. These allegations have become an example to the World of what globalization, if taken without certain security and countability measures; may effect the individuals heavily and to the point that it turns into a situation of diminishing returns. Criticism went out, where stories of these mistreatments were put out on news publications. Nike, Inc., at the time these situations and concerns were brought up, didn’t put much effort on the patter, stating that these factories were independently owned and they had no idea of that or of manufacturing. However, as time passed, they did come out and instruct the subcontractors to put an end to applying for exemptions, for workers under the legal age. And they later decided to raise the pay higher than the minimum wage that was increased. Similar situations like this, happened in Pakistan and Vietnam as well. Such as child labor, and safety health problems. Likewise, Nike Inc., at first denied and refused to have anything to doShow MoreRelatedNike Markeing1333 Words   |  6 PagesLO3: Identify and analyse the individual elements of the extended marketing mix LO4: Apply the extended marketing mix to different marketing segments and contexts Context The purpose of this report is to apply your knowledge of marketing to Nike (a well known sports retailer). Your report should explain the concepts of marketing and illustrate segmentation, targeting and positioning using one of their products. Finally, you will analyse their marketing and devise a marketing mix for oneRead MoreNike1217 Words   |  5 Pages13/3/2013 Nike, Inc. Cost of Capital 1 Discussion Questions †¢ What is the WACC and why is it important to estimate a firm’s cost of capital? What does it represent? Is the WACC set by investors or by managers? †¢ Do you agree with Joanna Cohen’s WACC calculation? Why or why not? If you do not agree with Cohen’s analysis, calculate your own WACC for Nike and be prepared to justify your assumptions. What mistakes did Joanna Cohen make in her analysis? Which method is best for calculatingRead MoreSwot Analysis : Nike s Shoes1339 Words   |  6 PagesSWOT Analysis: The altered shoes have different qualities, shortcomings, opportunities, and dangers available. One of its qualities is embedded in Nike s piece of the pie. Questionably, Nike is the main games attire and Footwear Company and the main brand over the globe. Hence, it can effectively advertise the tennis shoes in its current business sector. Nike too has a set up worldwide conveyance channel (chain), solid business sector methodology, a pioneer in innovation and configuration and itRead MoreNike CSR Analysis1581 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ CSR Analysis and Impact on Operations Nike has a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that includes its commitment to the environment and is a signatory of the UN Global Compact. Nike has created a team of sustainability managers led by an independent director. Its environmental goals include producing eco-friendly products and minimizing its environmental impact through the reduction of greenhouse gases, organic solvents and PVCs. Nike acknowledges the difficulty of tracking environmentalRead MoreOutsourcing Practices of Adidas, Converse, Nike, and Reebok1079 Words   |  4 PagesOutsourcing Practices of Adidas, Converse, Nike and Reebok Introduction Apparel and shoe manufacturers continued to offload the more costly yet easily replicated part so their business models to concentrate on brand building, marketing, sales and attaining greater distribution channels globally. These are the pressures all apparel and shoe manufacturers face, and it is particularly challenging in the athletic show industry (Kynge, 2009). Adidas, Converse, Nike and Reebok have been outsourcing productionRead MoreEssay Nike- Ethical Issues1454 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Case Analysis: Nike Introduction Nike was established in 1972 by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight. These two men were visionaries. The goal for Nike was to carry on Bowerman’s legacy of innovative thinking by helping every athlete reach their goal or by creating lucrative business opportunities that would set the company apart from any competition. This included providing quality work environments for all who wereRead MoreFive Forces Model of Competition Essay915 Words   |  4 PagesCase #3 Analysis Competition in the Golf Equipment Industry in 2009 Raquel Brickerson MGT 495 CRN 22164538 Table of Contents The Five Forces Model of Competition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..pg.1 Driving Forces†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..pg.2 Marketplace changes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pg.3 Strategic Map†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....pg.3 Attractive or Unattractive†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.pg.3-4 Strategic Map Model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pg.5 Read MoreMarketing Analysis : International Marketing1546 Words   |  7 Pagesper their local country’s needs unless they have a deep and though analysis of launching a product as per global needs and considering a global marketing strategy. Companies can manufacture or design certain product which can sustain globally and can be sold internationally, however to launch and market those products internationally is a challenge. Marketing or sale a product globally, would need a research and thorough analysis. Many companies have their own international marketing CEO’s and separateRead MoreValue Chain and Competitive Forces Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesValue Chain and Competitive Forces: Effects of Information Technology Module 2 Case John Dow ITM524: Fundamentals of Information Technology Management Dr. Somebody Somebody February 4, 2012 Introduction Businesses are established with the sole reason to provide a product or service to a customer with the intend to make a profit. The amount of time, effort, and resources spend should generate a profit. Then, the profit dependsRead MoreNike Swot Analysis1382 Words   |  6 PagesSWOT Analysis Nike Strengths. Very good Leadership is one of Nike’s strengths. Nike is a very competitive organization. Founder and Owner, Phil Knight is often quoted as saying that â€Å"Business is war without bullets.† Nike has a healthy dislike of its competitors such as Reebok and Addidas. This competition in the market results in the company to strive to have to best products and on the market. Nike sponsors the top athletes and gains valuable coverage through the media. Nike has no factories

Radio Frequency Identification for RFID Technology-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theRadio Frequency Identification for RFID Technology. Answer: Introduction RFID or radio frequency identification is an advanced technology that incorporates electrostatic or electromagnetic coupling in radio frequency portion belonging to the electromagnetic spectrum for unique identification of objects, animals or people. Organizations are adopting this technology in place of barcodes (Rajaraman, 2017). This report discusses about the working mechanism of RFID. It points out the various categories of RFID tags. It talks about the business as well as technical issues that are solved by using RFID technology. This report describes the implementation of RFID in one organization and it also presents the use of RFID in various market places. Working of RFID Technology RFID technology utilizes radio frequency for the purpose of identifying objects, collecting information about the objects and entering the details in the system by an automated process. The three main components of RFID technology are the RFID tag, RID reader and antenna. An RFID tag consists of an antenna as well as an integrated circuit (Hutter Schmidt, 2013). These are used for the purpose of transmitting data to RFID reader. The RFID reader converts radio waves into usable data. The RFID tags can be activated by radio signals. The data that is collected from the RFID tag is then transferred to a host system by using a communication interface. The data is stored in the database of the system for further analysis. The role of RFID tag is to carry data and it contains an antenna along with micro chip. The reader can also be referred as interrogator. Types of RFID Passive RFID: This type of tag does not contain battery. Here the energy is transferred from reader via radio frequency. The power of the tag is available only within the field of the reader. It range of communication is short in this type of tag (Rajaraman, 2017). It has a limited range because the radio wave is reflected from tag to the reader. It is able to read as well as transfer sensor value when the tag is powered by the reader. Semi-passive RFID: This RFID tag incorporates the main features of the active tag. It consists of a power source like battery to power the chip. This energy that is captured can be used for the purpose of backscattering. The communication or read range is more than that of passive tags. Active RFID: This tag consists of battery or power source. Tag power is available on a continuous basis. It has got high signal strength from the RFID tag to the reader. The range of communication is 100 meter or more. Active tags are mostly used in large objects. Its data bandwidth is higher than the bandwidth of passive tags. Business and Technical Problems solved by using RFID Technology RFID technology has played a significant role in solving the issue of object, human and animal tracking. Assets that are present in warehouses can be tracked in a simplified manner. The process of inventory management has improved by attaching RFID tags to the goods that are present in the factory (Fan et al., 2014). This technology has helped in solving the problem of over stocking as well as under stocking of goods. It has helped in providing security to the stocks and controlling the stock quality. RFID tags can be used for automating the process of toll tax payments by attaching the tags to the vehicles (Kalantri et al., 2014). Effective animal monitoring is made possible by utilizing RFID tags. It acts as a significant tool for tracking the movements of the animals and determining their characteristics. RFID technology has improved farm management in an effective manner. Missing goods and products can be tracked by using RFID technology (Shin Eksioglu, 2014). RFID technology is responsible for producing accurate results as it does not involve human interventions. RFID tags have been able to improve organizational efficiency. Barcode and RFID BARCODE RFID Barcode has a set of data that can be scanned and converted to numeric codes. It requires line of sight. It does not require line of sight. RFID tag utilizes radio waves for tracking as well as identifying goods. The read range varies from inches to feet. Passive RFID can read up to 30 feet and active RFID can read up to 100 feet. Barcodes can identify one kind of item. It has the capability to identify every item. Optical laser technology is used. Radio frequency technology is used. Human intervention is required for scanning barcodes. Scanners are fixed and it does not require human labor. It cannot be updated. New data can be updated. Damaged tags will not work. Hence it is less reliable. It has high reliability. Table 1: Comparison between Barcode and RFID (Source: Lotlikar et al., 2013, p. 821) RFID and QR code QR Code RFID This technology requires line of sight. Line of site is not required. Read range is from inches to feet. The read range is much more than the read range of QR code. Human intervention is required. No human intervention is needed. Data cannot be updated. It can only be read. Data can be updated. 30 % data can be recovered from damaged tags. It is less reliable than RFID. It has high reliability. Table 2: Comparison between QR code and RFID (Source: Lotlikar et al., 2013, p. 821) RFID Limitations Security: RFID tags are susceptible to security threats and attacks. Attackers can gain unauthorized access to and modify the information on the RFID tags. There can be other attacks like virus and side channel attacks. Strong security measures like encryption of the data in the tags can overcome this limitation. Collision: Signal collision can take place while scanning several RFID tags at the same time. Use of anti-collision algorithms will prevent this issue. Cost: The cost of RFID technology is much more than that of QR codes and barcodes (Lehpamer, 2012). Organizations incur huge cost in setting up this technology. Passive tags are less expensive than active and semi active tags. Complex design: The installation procedure of RFID technology is unique. RFID technology has reader and tag. It has a complex design and working mechanism. Implementation of RFID in Walmart Walmart has implemented RFID technology in the year 2003 for improving its supply chain operations. Initially it had used RFID for tracking pallets of the merchandise present in its supply chain and warehouses. Walmart is able to track the movement of its products in an accurate manner by deploying RFID technology. It makes use of RF tags for keeping an account of the shelved stocks. RFID tags are able to provide real time information about the store shelves. RFID technology has been able to reduce the inventor cost of Walmart (Shin Eksioglu, 2015). Implementation of RFID has improved the supply chain efficiency of Walmart. Walmart was able to reduce its out of stock level by 16 per cent and reduce excess inventory. Walmart was also able to achieve operational improvements and WIP data management. Use of RFID in Market Places Retail RFID tags can be attached to the products in the retail store. It will help the store to prevent any shoplifters to take away any product without payment and enhance the security level of the stores. It will enable the employees to locate the products and record the quantity (De Marco et al, 2012). RFID tags are implemented in retail industry for automating the inventory tracking process and enhancing the operational efficiency of the retail stores. Banking Banking sector has achieved high level of data accuracy by implementing RFID technology. It has improved the level of customer service and simplified the payment procedure. RFID tags will help the banks to keep track of laptops and other assets (Zhu, Mukhopadhyay Kurata, 2012). Data security of the banks can be improved by implementing RFID technology. Healthcare Industry The Healthcare industry is able to keep a track of prescription drugs on the basis of expiry date and many other important details like lot number (Manzoor, 2016). Patient safety can be enhanced by using RFID technology. RFID bands can be scanned for getting accurate details about the patient. SCM RFID technology has been able to improve the accuracy as well as timeliness of the inventory data. It has reduced the inventory cost of the organizations (Fosso Wamba, 2012). RFID tags have enhanced the efficiency of supply chain management by accurate monitoring of the movements of goods and products throughout the supply chain. It has simplified the procedure of asset tracking by using radio frequency. Conclusion It can be concluded from this report that RFID technology can be implemented in various industries like healthcare, banking and retail for enhancing operational efficiency and security standards. This report said that RFID is more reliable than barcode and QR code. It also discussed about certain limitations like security issues and high cost of RFID tags. This report explained how the RFID works. It also explained few business and technical issues like asset tracking problem that can be solved by RFID technology. References De Marco, A., Cagliano, A. C., Nervo, M. L., Rafele, C. (2012). Using System Dynamics to assess the impact of RFID technology on retail operations.International journal of production economics,135(1), 333-344. Fan, T. J., Chang, X. Y., Gu, C. H., Yi, J. J., Deng, S. (2014). Benefits of RFID technology for reducing inventory shrinkage.International Journal of Production Economics,147, 659-665. Fosso Wamba, S. (2012). Achieving supply chain integration using RFID technology: the case of emerging intelligent B-to-B e-commerce processes in a living laboratory.Business Process Management Journal,18(1), 58-81. Hutter, M., Schmidt, J. (2013). Radio Frequency Identification. Kalantri, R., Parekar, A., Mohite, A., Kankapurkar, R. (2014). RFID based toll collection system.International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies,5(2), 2582-5. Lehpamer, H. (2012).RFID design principles. Artech House. Lotlikar, T., Kankapurkar, R., Parekar, A., Mohite, A. (2013). Comparative study of Barcode, QR-code and RFID System.International Journal of Computer Technology and Applications,4(5), 817. Manzoor, A. (2016). RFID-Enabled Healthcare.International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development (IJICTHD),8(2), 26-46. Rajaraman, V. (2017). Radio Frequency Identification.RESONANCE, 549. Shin, S., Eksioglu, B. (2014). Effects of RFID technology on efficiency and profitability in retail supply chains.Journal of Applied Business Research,30(3), 633. Shin, S., Eksioglu, B. (2015). An empirical study of RFID productivity in the US retail supply chain.International Journal of Production Economics,163, 89-96. Zhu, X., Mukhopadhyay, S. K., Kurata, H. (2012). A review of RFID technology and its managerial applications in different industries.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,29(1), 152-167.