Separating Charged Molecules For Identifying A Wide Range...

Cassandra Maddux CHE 451L-02 August 26, 2014 Electrophoresis Introduction Separating charged molecules is an important practice in Biochemistry for identifying a wide range of data fields. Separating molecules allows for information like size, binding affinity, and charge to be obtained.5 One technique that is used to separate charge molecules is gel electrophoresis. This technique forces the suspended charged molecules through a porous gel matrix by use of an electrical current that separates the molecules according to their physical properties, such as charge, size.1,2,3 It was first observed by Ferdinand Frederic Reuss in 1807. He observed that when an electrical current was applied, clay molecules in water would begin to migrate.6 Samples are placed in wells on the gel. A buffer is added, commonly salt water, to act as a conduit for the electrical current. As the electric current is applied, the samples begin to move through the gel depending on the contained molecule’s properties; positively charged particles will move towards the cathode and negatively charged particles will move to the anode.2 Compounds with greater charge or low mass will move through the gel matrix quicker and further. As the samples move, they create lanes of bands that can then be compared to a standard, also known at a ladder. The thickness of each band is indicates quantity of each compound contained in the sample. The height of each band shows the size of each molecule in the sample.4Show MoreRelatedSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pagesmethod consists of the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.Scientific researchers propose hypotheses as explanations of phenomena, and design experimentalstudies to test these hypotheses. Steps in the Scientific Method 1. Define the question 2. Gather information and resources (observe) 3. Form hypothesis 4. Perform experiment and collect data 5. Analyze data 6. Interpret data and draw conclusions that serveRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesLimited 2011 Lecturers adopting the main text are permitted to download and photocopy the manual as required. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies around the world. Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk ---------------------------------This edition published 2011  © Pearson Education Limited 2011 The rights of Gerry Johnson, Richard Whittington and Kevan Scholes to be identified as the authors of this work have been assertedRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesstrategies and planning for the future in the wake of a global shock. Amazon (A) – long term planning of a successful dot.com. Jordan – the challenge of building capabilities for success in Formula 1. Shefï ¬ eld Theatres – strategy formulation for a wide audience of public and commercial stakeholders. Fisons – disastrous consequences of stakeholder management. Iona – Mission-driven strategy and stakeholder management. HomeCo – wrestling with governance and strategy in the boar droom; a role play. BMWRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagestheir products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whetten, David A. (David Allred) Developing management skills /David A. Whetten, Kim S. Cameron.—8th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises

Communication External And Internal

Question: Discuss about theCommunication for External And Internal. Answer: Introduction The following report is the critical analytical study of use of Social Media as a tool for establishing external and internal communication in a hotel management system. The modern age is marked for the development and usage of social media as a source of communication. According to Osterrieder (2013), the influence and effect of social media over the tourism and hotel industry is noteworthy. In this report the good and bad effects of social media on the communication process in the hotel have been critically analyzed with reference to different authors and writers. Different social media tools like Facebook, Twitter Instagram and different social websites like Tripadvisor, Make-my-trip can act both for promotion and communication processes. Discussion The 21st century had been marked by the astonishing development of social media as a platform for internal and external communication. Recent studies by Kim, Lim Brymer (2015), have shown that the hotel industry has seen a remarkable growth due to the extensive promotion in Social Medias. There has been an overwhelming response from the customer with the help of communication and authorization of guest involvement that has provided new opportunities for progress. Thompson (2013), has different views on the usage of the social site for communication. He states that for applying the Social Medias for communication, it is necessary for understanding the fundamental goal that is required to achieve in the hotel management. Lee Oh, (2013) have said that in hotel administration requires proper management of staffs and clients that can be achieved only by use of effective internal communication. The hotel managers require effective communication with his superiors, subordinates, and peers. The employees at the hotel long to achieve and do the work efficiently, but in the absence of proper understanding of the expectations and goals set by the ownership. But Radovic (2015), defines the most effective way to communicate goals to the employees at the work is by making them involve in the development of the motives for the hotel organization. The hotel management team has developed the ability to the communication of the process and more significantly the reason for the process that has been undertaken. They have formed innovative and constant modulation in the effective communication process. Authors like Hoefnagels Bloemer, (2014) have stated that the hotel management process requires communication level with its client too from the perspective of hotel managers. The Internet can be used as the most effective communication tool. Many times it is seen that the website of the hotels acts as the communication tool with the customers. The website is updated with the comment and review section by the customers where they can provide their views regarding the hotel or suggest something for improvement. According to Chang, Kuo, Hsu, Cheng (2014), the website acts as the platform for the first introduction to the customers. It helps in establishing communication with the customers by stating the favorable factors or benefits of selecting their hotel. The social media tools for holiday destination selection like TripAdvisor, MakeMyTrip, etc. also serve a significant role for establishing communication between the hotel owners and the customers. On the other hand Sarjanoja, Isomursu Hakkila, (2013) have explained that Facebook, Myspace can be used as a promotion platform as well as for comm unication process. Hotel managers require more of operational and marketing task nowadays which can be ensured only by using effective communication by these social sites. According to Quirke, (2012), the ways for improving the internal communication in a hotel environment can be classified in five ways like; accessing the knowledge base for the Employees, increasing the transparency in the communication, initiating workshops for the employees, enacting the BYOD policy in the hotel culture and operating the platforms for mobile messaging. The quantity of data available about the client and hotel plans is extensive. Therefore the employees must be acquainted with the effective knowledge of communication for properly completing the job. For that Jani Han (2013), state that the hotel management system must install a communication system for channelizing the information such as; onboarding initiatives, info about the guests staying in the hotel and health and safety data. Sharing the sales figure, goals of the hotel and reasons behind the management decisions with the staffs and employees not only result in the growth of trust and engagement with them but also roots good communication process between the employees and higher authority in the hotel. The various and regular workshops can be helpful for providing the necessary reinforcement practices in the hotel culture. These workshops can be useful for establishing effective communication with the employees as it provides them a platform for speaking out their problems and ideas. But Cheong, Ling, Teh (2014), have focused on the idea that the current age is the age of Smartphone and people have become acquainted and addicted to the usage of Smartphone in every sphere of life. If the hotel starts the BYOD policy, it will encourage more employees to access the necessary information at any instant of time. BYOD can be helpful in easing the work and establishing the effective communication. The new communication tools provide ease of flexible, safe and operative messaging between the management and hotel staffs. It helps in segmentation and fast notification to the employees by deliver ing the message within a short time. The email, push notifications, and messaging services help in establishing the effective communication. It helps in engaging the employees for increasing the communication. Allen (2016), have classified the formal communication in hotel occur in four different forms. Downward communication is the form of the communication process in which the superiors declare the instructions, orders and other works using the emails, memorandums, bulletins, etc. Upward is the process in which the subordinate reports work related matters to their immediate superiors either in written or verbal form. Navarro, Garzon, Roig-Tierno (2015), have contradicted it for the communication stages in the hotel with respect to the communication process. The hotel owner and higher authority who determines the goals of the hotel is the sender. The plan and schemes for marketing and attaining the end goal could be termed as the message. This message (plan and schemes) are given the form of deals and offer which is similar to encoding. The channel for communication in the hotel structure is the meetings that happen at regular interval. Tuten, Solomon (2014), have shown that various pla tforms like LinkedIn, Twitter and YouTube serve not only the purpose of marketing but also online functionality and monitoring purposes. These sites can be used for interaction with the customers in all the three phases of experience; before, during and after vacations. Rubin, Prizant, Laurent Wetherby (2013), have stated Social Communication process has played a significant role in the management process and attaining the managerial goals. Social media communication has facilitated the direct customer communication with low cost expenditure. As stated by Park et al., (2012), direct communication acts as a two-way communication process between the customers and hotel authority. It helps in promoting the honesty and transparency. On the other hand, Bartlett, Reffin, Rumball Williamson (2014), have stated the argument that the growth of use of social media can also be misleading. Virtual communication lacks the tangible form that was mainly seen in the traditional form of communication. Apart from it, Social Medias communication has greatly opted for marketing and advertising. Fuchs, (2013) has views against the use of Social Medias for communication in Hotel Industry because of the lack of real communication form and no scope for face to face meeti ng. Roebuck, Siha, Bell, (2013) have expressed the main advantage of utilizing the social sites for communication as the cost factor. Most of the social sites are free of cost. Thus it provides easy communication without any expense. The creation of a profile for hotel and posting the information is simple and interactive. On the other hand, Goh, Heng Lin (2013), have contradicted this cost effective method of communication with the security issues on these sites. The profile requires filling up of details on these sites. There is a possibility that these details can be utilized in a wrong way. Rapp, Beitelspacher, Grewal Hughes (2013), have expressed that by using Social Sites for communication in the hotel provides the advantage of achieving the target and attracting the customers for voluntarily joining or in the Twitter sense following the link. The attractiveness of the social site and ease of communication can result in customers wanting the information about the hotel. In contradiction, Wu et al., (2015), have ideas that the communication storage on these social sites is volatile in nature. It is available for only a short time because with newer post and messages, and the older messages get shifted. Stajner et al., (2013), have stated that the communication using social sites spreads automatically with the passage of time. The social sites have options like pay-per-click that encourages customers to spread the news with their known persons. It helps in expanding the reach of the people for the particular hotel information. Tuten, Angermeier (2013), have pointed th at these social sites can be used for creating a bad image of the hotel as well. It is possible that faults and false news of the hotel can also be spread using these social sites. According to Duhe Wright (2013), communication in social media can be used in two prime ways for hotel communication context. The commonly studied part for communication is the usage of social communication tools for establishing effective communication with external bodies like; guests, service suppliers, and the public. However, He Yan, (2013) have stated that the customer blogs available for the hotel guests require keeping under control and supervision. Proper investigation is necessary specifically for the communication process in which Social Medias are used. Ru-Chu, (2013) has explained the benefits of using Facebook as Social Media for establishing the communication. Three simple steps are required to be done for establishing the communication. At first, a creative page for the hotel should be made, and the guest and followers should be added to the page. Now the wall would serve as the communication platform for the guests and establish the external communication. On the other hand, Ahmed, Abed, Hassoon, Ahmed, (2016) have pointed out the process of utilizing the Instagram as the communication tool for the hotel. It is a trending fashion for communication used in a social site. The hashtags and pictures of the hotel can be used with the comment section for effective communication. However, according to Lasorsa, Lewis Holton (2012), twitter has the most number of people, and even celebrities use it. Therefore, it can be used for effective communication. Adding the link of the hotel's website in the trending section with GPS availabili ty allows the hotel managers to communicate with people on a large scale and making them aware of the happening in the hotel. Wrench, (2013) has classified the strategies of external communication using social media as per the requirement of each step. The first step deals with auditing the current communication tools along with their drawbacks and advantages. The second step requires measuring the options that could be used for gaining the drawbacks of the existing situation. The last step is the implementation of the communication tools developed. Ding et al., (2012), contradict the idea for implementing the new tools because it would require buying new technology and hiring new people for dealing with the new communication tools. There is the costing factor that would act as negative point for the implementation of the new communication tool. According to Muhic Lundberg, (2016) the strategies that are required for implementing the external communication using social medias consists of creating awareness among the hotel guests and clients for utilizing the social media for checking about the hotel and communicating with the authorities. The system required for gathering the perception and knowledge of the employees who would promote social media communication to the customers. On the contrary, Shimp Andrews, (2012) have put the focus on developing the plan for the promotion of communication using social Medias in the hotel management. Conclusion The report is a critical analysis of social media tools that helps in understanding the role of social media as a communication tool in hotel system. The social media can be used effectively for communication both internally and externally. The plan developed should convey the message clearly too all its clients and service providers for establishing the effective communication. The essay above has developed communication process using Social Medias in the hotel administration for effective management and communication between the hotel mangers and clients. On the other hand, there is a probability of misusing the social media for creating bad impression for the hotel. Therefore it is necessary to use the Social Medias effectively for communication along with security measures. References Ahmed, A. M., Abed, H. N., Hassoon, N. H., Ahmed, A. L. (2016). The Impact of Digital Communication on Social Networks: A Review. Allen, M. (2016). Transformational Organizational Change, Reinforcing Structures, and Formal Communication. InStrategic Communication for Sustainable Organizations(pp. 139-188). Springer International Publishing. Bartlett, J., Reffin, J., Rumball, N., Williamson, S. (2014). Anti-social media.Demos, 1-51. Chang, K. C., Kuo, N. T., Hsu, C. L., Cheng, Y. S. (2014). The Impact of Website Quality and Perceived Trust on Customer Purchase Intention in the Hotel Sector: Website Brand and Perceived Value as Moderators.International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology,5(4), 255. Cheong, S. N., Ling, H. C., Teh, P. L. (2014). Secure encrypted steganography graphical password scheme for near field communication smartphone access control system.Expert Systems with Applications,41(7), 3561-3568. Ding, Q., Katenka, N., Barford, P., Kolaczyk, E., Crovella, M. (2012, August). Intrusion as (anti) social communication: characterization and detection. InProceedings of the 18th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining(pp. 886-894). ACM. Duh, S., Wright, D. K. (2013). Symmetry, social media, and the enduring imperative of two-way communication.K. Sriramesh, A. Zerfass, J.-N. Kim (Hrsg.), Public relations and communication management: Current trends and emerging topics, 93-107. Fuchs, C. (2013).Social media: A critical introduction. Sage. Goh, K. Y., Heng, C. S., Lin, Z. (2013). Social media brand community and consumer behavior: Quantifying the relative impact of user-and marketer-generated content.Information Systems Research,24(1), 88-107. He, W., Yan, G. (2013). Examining the Use of Social Media in Customer Co-Creation: A Blog Mining Study. InAMCIS. Hoefnagels, A. Bloemer, J., 2014. A Chinese customer or a 30-year old business man? A hotel managers' perspective on managing intercultural service encounters. In32nd EuroCHRIE conference" Hospitality and Tourism Futures", Dubai 6-9 October 2014. EuroCHRIE. Jani, D., Han, H. (2013). Personality, social comparison, consumption emotions, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions: How do these and other factors relate in a hotel setting?.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,25(7), 970-993. Kim, W.G., Lim, H. Brymer, R.A., 2015. The effectiveness of managing social media on hotel performance.International Journal of Hospitality Management,44, pp.165-171. Lasorsa, D. L., Lewis, S. C., Holton, A. E. (2012). Normalizing Twitter: Journalism practice in an emerging communication space.Journalism studies,13(1), 19-36. Lee, S.A. Oh, H., 2013. Effective communication strategies for hotel guests green behavior.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, p.1938965513504029. Muhic, E., Lundberg, S. (2016). Communicating-what and to whom?: A Qualitative Study of Stadium's CSR Practice and External Communication. Navarro, S., Garzn, D., Roig-Tierno, N. (2015). Co-creation in hoteldisable customer interactions.Journal of Business Research,68(7), 1630-1634. Osterrieder, A. (2013). The value and use of social media as communication tool in the plant sciences.Plant methods,9(1), 1. Park, H. S., Levine, T. R., Weber, R., Lee, H. E., Terra, L. I., Botero, I. C., ... Wilson, M. S. (2012). Individual and cultural variations in direct communication style.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,36(2), 179-187. Quirke, M. B. (2012).Making the connections: using internal communication to turn strategy into action. Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Radovic, G., 2015. Spatial and technological design principles of mountain resort hotels. InApplied Mechanics and Materials(Vol. 725, pp. 1063-1071). Trans Tech Publications. Rapp, A., Beitelspacher, L. S., Grewal, D., Hughes, D. E. (2013). Understanding social media effects across seller, retailer, and consumer interactions.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,41(5), 547-566. Roebuck, D., Siha, S., Bell, R. L. (2013).Faculty usage of social media and mobile devices: analysis of advantages and concerns. DigitalCommons@ Kennesaw State University. Ru-Chu, S. H. I. H. (2013). Effect of using Facebook to assist English for business communication course instruction.TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology,12(1). Rubin, E., Prizant, B. M., Laurent, A. C., Wetherby, A. M. (2013). Social Communication, Emotional Regulation, and Transactional Support (SCERTS). InInterventions for Autism Spectrum Disorders(pp. 107-127). Springer New York. Sarjanoja, A. H., Isomursu, M., Hkkil, J. (2013, October). Small talk with facebook: phatic communication in social media. InProceedings of International Conference on Making Sense of Converging Media(p. 118). ACM. Shimp, T. A., Andrews, J. C. (2012).Advertising promotion and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Cengage Learning. Stajner, T., Thomee, B., Popescu, A. M., Pennacchiotti, M., Jaimes, A. (2013, August). Automatic selection of social media responses to news. InProceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining(pp. 50-58). ACM. Thompson, J.B., 2013.Ideology and modern culture: Critical social theory in the era of mass communication. John Wiley Sons. Tuten, T. L., Solomon, M. R. (2014).Social media marketing. Sage. Tuten, T., Angermeier, W. (2013). Before and beyond the social moment of engagement: Perspectives on the negative utilities of social media marketing.Gestion 2000,30(3), 69-76. Wrench, J. S. (2013).Workplace Communication for the 21st Century: Tools and Strategies that Impact the Bottom Line. ABC-CLIO. Wu, Y., Wu, C., Li, B., Zhang, L., Li, Z., Lau, F. (2015). Scaling social media applications into geo-distributed clouds.IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON),23(3), 689-702.

Life Is a Smorgasbord

Summary The narrator of this article avoided making early decisions in life because of his fear of failure. The decisions that he had made were not very fulfilling. He claims his life is like an enormous menu that does not offer a sampler plate. He says he cannot make an order of fear, saying that his stomach might be filled and never get a chance of tasting other things on the menu. He therefore prefers side orders that are never satisfying.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Life Is a Smorgasbord specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the narrator affirms that he has learned the trick, which is to make assured choices that are varied but sufficient to fulfill his desires in life. He points that there is no adequate time in one’s life to experience even a fraction of all the incidences on the Earth, hence the need to make decisions on time. According to him, there is a need to make few choices on the menu that he can really enjoy and commit to so that when he passes on, he will have lived a fulfilled life. Essay Just like a hotel menu that has different delicacies listed, some expensive and some quite affordable, life offers things that we may or may not afford. However, the kind of life one leads largely depends on the decisions one makes. Some live unfulfilled lives because they make mistakes in their decisions or they live a life that is not theirs. It is important for an individual to live his or her life. We are the sole makers or breakers of our lives. Therefore, when we are making decisions pertaining to our life, sobriety is a virtue of great essence. This is because one wrong decision made may have long term undesirable effects on one’s life and worst still could cost one his or her life. Any decision we make shapes our life because we consciously or unconsciously follow it. For instance, a frustrated jobless father who cannot cater for his family may decide to seek solace in alcoholism. Such a decision could frustrate him even more because the person may not have logically analyzed the negative and positive aspects associated with that choice. In order to make a precise decision of what is important in one’s life is an explicit process that has various steps to be followed. First and foremost, we must realize the power that decisions wield in our lives. One decision made elicits a chain of actions. When one decides to drink a bottle of beer, the decision may lead to the person taking another and before one realizes he or she has become an alcoholic. Therefore the first decision will always be critical and determines the expected outcomes in a person’s life. The next step is setting your priorities right. We should start from the most basic needs all the way to basic wants. For instance, when one is faced with a dilemma of either pursuing a master’s degree or buying a car, such a tight spot calls for rational decision makin g. Based on facts, one should be able to decide what is more important. If the focus is on building a career for oneself, the best option should be furthering education.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another important step involves timely decision making. Many a time we consume too many resources before making a conclusive decision simply because we are uncertain and fear what may happen afterwards. We therefore end up in a rigorous exercise of evaluating pros and cons, cautious planning and extensive consultation. This course of action consumes a lot of time and in the end we may never make the decision or it maybe too late. One should learn to follow the gut instinct when making a decision. This will most likely make one to have confidence in the decision making process compared to a person who dwells all day planning to make a decision. Moreover, one should learn from his/her pa st experience. It is worth noting that sometimes mistakes are inevitable when making a decision however, instead of cursing oneself it is important to learn from the mistake. So that in future you can make proper and sound decisions free of mistakes. Also in determining what is important in our menu of life, one should have a flexible approach. For example, if one decides to acquire a house for the family, it is good to decide which option is the best. One may decide to either engage construction workers to build it or buy a ready one by mortgage. More important is that one should be objective when making a decision. For example, in choosing a career to pursue one should decide what course to undertake in college, based on one’s ability and aspirations. One ought to avoid extrinsic influences that may derail him or her from achieving one’s ambitions in life. These influences include pressure from parents to pursue a course that one does not desire. The choice one makes should be influenced by one’s decision. It would be irrational to make a choice without deciding what you want. For instance, people end up losing lots of money through impulse buying simply because they never planned on what they wanted to buy. Some people also end up in miserable relationships or marriages due to the fact that they never took time to choose their life partners. In addition, it is advisable to make some savings for a rainy day. Life is not always smooth; it has ups and downs. Bottom line is, if one is to live a fulfilled life, critical and timely decision making should influence the choices that one makes in life. It is also important to make certain choices that one is capable of fulfilling rather many choices that one cannot commit to. The prime factor is to always follow your instincts and listening to your heart when making key decisions in life. This essay on Life Is a Smorgasbord was written and submitted by user Ezekiel V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Murder in the Cathedral essays

Murder in the Cathedral essays I believe the conflict and change within the main character, Thomas Beckett, was very drastic. Thomas went from running away from his problems, to facing them and ultimate killing himself because of it. At the beginning of the play Thomas was running away from people that wanted to kill him or hurt him, because of his belief that the king didnt have power over the church. Throughout the play, Thomas questioned himself on why he was doing what he was doing, and in the end he decided that if death was coming he couldnt cheat it. I admire Thomas on how made his final decision based on what he truly believed. Thomass final decision, was what he believed in. I think that if he was content with his decision and if he felt that it was the best choice, than I am happy for him and dont disagree that he should have waited for the I think that the personification of the Tempters helped a great deal in the play. I feel that the tempters helped the reader understand why Thomas did what he did and they also helped the reader understand and put Thomas thoughts in order of importance to him. I liked it how they described how Thomas could have so much and be happy if he would just go along with the king, instead of against him. I feel that without the tempters, the play wouldnt have shown the reader the reason behind Thomass decisions. I feel that the significance of the Christmas Sermon was to tell the people that he would probably be leaving them and it would be his last sermon. Thomas talked about how a martyr is a special thing and that only special people that will remembered forever receive that great honor. To me, it seemed as though he thought maybe he would be a martyr or that he might not because of his reasons behind the decisions he made, either way he wanted the people to remember him. ...

NURSING RESEARCH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NURSING RESEARCH - Essay Example process is concerned with gathering of scientific data, analysis, and compilation of nursing information (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, n.d. The process takes a theoretical perspective and uses new and existing information to compile alternative or new methods in practice. Implementation of the research process requires resources and time. Nursing process is different in that it is specific and concrete. It deals with offering unique services to individual patients. Another difference is that the main objective of a research process is to gather information and increase the knowledge of existing and emerging ailments. However, nursing process focuses on delivery of care to patients. The measure of success in the nursing process is health outcomes. A nursing process that ensures maintenance or improvement of health of patients is deemed to be efficient. The above discussion proves that both research process and nursing process are essential in nursing. The processes are similar in that they seek to maximize the health benefits of patients. However, the nursing process is more practical and patient-centered. It is thus imperative to ensure that both elements are present in nursing to enhance creativity, new information, and quality health care

LAB 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LAB 2 - Essay Example Specifically, the most common and accepted method of measuring strain is using the electrical resistant strain gage. The strain gage is a gaunt conductor made of a wire or a metallic foil that is in a grid-like pattern. In particular, the grid-like pattern maximizes the amount of strain in the parallel direction. The experiment uses a conductor (carrier) that is of thin strips of metallic film placed on a non-conducting substrate material. The wire is to the specimen and facilitates the transfer of the strain from the specimen to the strain gage. Accordingly, the transfer makes a linear change in the electrical resistance. Precisely, the electrical resistance of a conducting wire fluctuates when the length of the conductor changes in a process called deformation or stretching. Consequently, the basis of the electrical resistance strain gage is the deformation. Under an ideal situation, the strain gage resistance ranges between 30 ÃŽ © to 3 kÃŽ ©. Fundamentally, the resistance changes only a fraction of a percent in a full force range of the gauges. For this reason, a higher resistance change cause s a permanent deformity to the test specimen. Therefore, a successful use of the strain gauge calls for a measure of small changes under high

Employee Relations Essay Example for Free

Employee Relations Essay Employee relations are one of human resources aspect which is mainly concerned with maintaining a cohesive relationship between the employer and the employee in workplace so as to have high morale and motivation amongst employees for satisfactory productivity in workplace. Discussions between the employer and the employee usually concentrate on issues of payment, work environment, disputes, grievances, health and safety, hours of work and production targets. Human nature can be simple, yet very complex thus an understanding and appreciation of this is an important factor for effective employee relations in workplace. For this to be achieved there has to be well defined rules and regulations pertaining as to how employees are to perform their duties, address personal issues, bargaining procedures, handle and resolve conflicts etc. each country has its own laws pertaining employment but there are also international laws that stipulates how legal rights and restrictions on working force and their organizations. The main objective of employee relations is to protect the interests, rights and privileges of the employees. This provides information relating to policies and procedures of performing duties and facilitates the resolution of problems and complains through investigation and mediation. There exist two main levels of communication where employees can air their views. Individual relationship allows employee to relate directly with the employer while collective relationship involves organizations or trade onions and the individual employer. When a dispute arises in any workplace, conciliation, mediation and arbitration are used to resolve disputes depending on the nature of the dispute. Individual disputes usually involves the employee directly with the employer while collective disputes occurs when a common disillusionments among the employees arise and representatives of the employees in form of trade unions are used to air the grievances to the employer. Representatives are legalizes groups who are concerned with employees rights and advocates for fair recognition in workplace. The common situation in most countries is that employment laws have been more effective in resolving individual disputes than collective disputes. This is evident since most of trade unions are finding it difficult to handle disputes in workplace especially in private sector where individual employment rights has expanded and there is change from bargaining based relation system towards more individualized and legalistic rights based system. Cases of strikes in workplaces have declined recently and individuals are pursuing employment grievances in the court. There has been shift to more individualized forms of negotiation at organization level with decline of wider bargaining arrangements has weakened the capacity of trade unions to perform their role as a collective negotiators. Theories and Practices in Workplace Employment laws arose due to the needs of workers of better conditions and rights to organize so that their issues and grievances could be heard and resolved amicably. This led to formation of administrative body to address the legal rights and restrictions between the working people and the organizations. They mediate relationship between employees, employer and the trade unions. There are laws which stipulate relationship between the trade unions and the employer and the relationship between the individuals and the employer. Collective employment laws are a tripartite relationship between the employer, employees and the trade unions for collective bargaining, provision of benefits and industrial action. Individual employment laws deals with people rights at work place. There are two theories relating to employment developed after Second World War namely: Dunlop Theory: it was based on labour relations systems. He realized workers representations as part of factors contributing to economic growth with two key aspects of the society as whole i. e. the interests of employee sand value of social justice. Theory also realized that unions can succeed only if essentially contribute to good management. They have functioned by making deals which are in long term interests of management as well as employees; in part they force management to act in its own interests. The employees’ responses are usually neglected and there is need for organizations to provide more security and more employee services. This would require policies of regulation and protection where employees are able to make more choices about jobs, personal development of skills and interests through sequences of jobs rather than letting single company to mould and shape an individual. Employees’ participation in defining the nature of work and decisions that affects it. This needs rapid responses where companies have found that top-down control is far too slow and inward looking for today circumstances. There is more acceptance of diversity to open up new opportunities and also lower the power of entrenched resistors. This situation will require an effective system of representation to balance differing interests what is needed is a system to deal with decentralized, flexible management to integrate semi- professional and knowledgeable employees to generate full support. Unitary and pluralism theories: For pluralist decision maker views an employee is a permanently external to the enterprise, as part of action situation while unitarist decision maker views an employee as internal to the enterprise, inherent part of the enterprise actor. The pluralist position implies that workers and the enterprise are in a position to make demands on each other to which is obliged to respond as long as these demands are in some kind of balance. The relationship between workers and managers is founded on agreement about this balance and not on any agreement about the inherent rightness or effectiveness of the demands themselves. The unitarist position assumes that every member of the enterprise, workers and the managers is a willing participant in social action such as the enterprise is defined by a common set of aims and values central to which is the goal of achieving the greatest possible success for collective prosperity. An enterprise established on the principles of moral superiority of craft work and on importance of a worker seeing a product through to completion thus unitarist approach implies that the employment relationship as the primary means of organizing enterprise involves the agreement that in the context of the enterprise, certain rights duties. For industrial approach, unitarism seems to offer two advantages. First is the prospect of an absolute maximization of effectiveness and second is the relationship which exists within the enterprise are of normative substance. Workers and managers are able to look upon each other as fellows rather than opponents forced into an uneasy and purely alliance. In managerial unitarism, the employment relationship is not just legitimate but authoritative, employee accepts that the direction of a manager embody the most effective possible means of realising the aims and values of the enterprise as a whole and since manager subscribes to this basic normative consensus, then compliance with those directions is not just a legal but a moral duty. Thus managerial right to worker compliance arise from normative consensus professional and competence of the manager. From pluralism, manager can be competent but consensus does not exist thus there is no automatic managerial right to worker compliance. The key to resolving the difference between unitarism and pluralism in employment relations is dialogue i. e. a discussive process by which a group of people attempts to reach consensus on both objective and normative aspects of the action situation. Well conducted dialogue will result in agreement on the aims, values and goals of the organization, division of labour which will best contribute the realization of goals. Pluralist collective bargaining is purely procedural and hence non-dialogical. Managerial unitarism is also non dialogical because agreement to managerial strategies, plans and instructions of the enterprise is assumed rather than secured. Management is conceived as a technical matter. Thus an alternative dialogical and non- dialogical employment relations systems needs to be developed. Trade unions which are committed and enthusiastic about issues of the employees without curtailing the managerial rights to decide what they see as necessary reform in employer- employee’s relations. The workplace setup is based on adequate understanding of employer- employee relationship. This requires the knowledge of relevant conditions on the intra-group level and also on the inter-group conditions that might tempt each group to take a certain type social orientation. The consequences of different combinations of justice and injustice for the individual are specified for the intensity of conflict between two parties. Individual disputes usually involves am employee and the employer regarding a personal issues which is be discussed between them while collective disputes affect the general interests of group of workers and deals with enforcement or interpretation of statutory regulation, collective bargaining agreement.